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Some activities may be more appropriate for pharmacists with additional expertise and training in DI, such as those who have completed a postgraduate year two (PGY2) drug information residency. Drug information specialists often perform DI activities that overlap with other pharmacists and health care professionals.
However, as a result of their advanced training and experience, DI specialists may be able to more efficiently retrieve, evaluate, and disseminate information in order to develop evidence-based recommendations and assist in patient care decisions. Many DI specialists are also involved in medication-safety activities and collaborate with experts in informatics. These activities are highlighted in other ASHP statements. Specific activities of the DI specialist may include some or all of the following.
Providing information when there is not sufficient time for other health care professionals to appropriately research the DI question, when there is a knowledge gap, or when the question requires more thorough research.
Establishing and maintaining a formulary based on scientific evidence of efficacy and safety, pharmacoeconomics, and institution-specific factors.
Coordinating programs to support population-based medication practices that maximize patient outcomes (e.g., development of pharmacotherapeutic guidelines, medication-use evaluation criteria, and therapeutic interchange protocols).
Developing and participating in efforts to prevent medication errors and adverse drug events, including surveillance, ensuring institutional compliance to Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS), and leading reporting and analysis programs (e.g., MedWatch).
Monitoring and assessing the clinical significance of medication safety alerts communicated by the FDA, drug manufacturers, and other sources.
Performing health outcome and comparative effectiveness analyses.
Coordinating investigational drug services, including participating on institutional review boards (IRBs), evaluating protocols, and providing DI to patients, caregivers, and health care professionals.
Managing drug shortages, including identifying alternative treatments, developing protocols for restrictive use, and addressing formulary concerns.
Developing clinical decision support tools such as order sets, dosing protocols, and order-entry alerts.
Maintaining DI and medication-use policy-related intranet resources.
Precepting or providing advanced DI education and training to interprofessional and pharmacy students and residents.
Coordinating selection and purchase of pharmacy and institution-wide DI resources.
Participating in various fee-for-service projects (e.g. formulary support, database development, training programs) for clients.
Planning and delivering academic detailing programs.